2021-软件系统设计-Lec20-Software System Design(Architecture)

Lec20-Software System Design(Architecture)

1. Outline

1. Soffware Architecture
2. Quality Atributes
3. Architecture Patterns
4. Designing Software Architecture
5. Documenting Software Architecture
6. Evaluating Software Architecture
7. Describing Architecture
8. Microservice Architecture *

2. Software Architecture in General

1. What is software architecture?
   1. Structure, Elements, Relationships, Design
2. What does a software architect do?
3. Where do architectures come from?
   1. NFRs, ASRs, Quality Requirements; Stakeholders, Organisations, Technical Enironmes…
4. Architecture Views
   1. Logical view, Process view, Physical view, Development view + Use case scenaris…
5. Architectural acivities and process
6. Software architecture knowledge areas

3. Architecture Process

4. Quality Attributes

1. Soffware Requirements
   1. Functional requirements, Quality requirements (NFRs), Constraints
2. Quality Atributes
   1. Modeling quality ttribute scenaris: Source, Stimulus, Artefact, Envronment, Response, Measure
   2. Availability, Interoperbility, Modifabilit, Performance, Security, Testability, Usability, Xclilty…
   3. Tatics for quality atributes
3. Architecturally Significant Requirements
   1. How to gather and identify ASRs: Requirements, Interviews, Business goals, Utiliy tree

5. Architecture Patterns

1. Architecture Patterns
   1. Context, Problem, Solution: elements + relations + constraints
2. Module Patterns
   1. Layered pattern
3. Component-Connector Patterns
   1. Broker pattern, Model-view-controller pattern, Pipe-and-filter pattern, Client-server pattern, Peer-to-peer pattern,Service-oriented pattern, Publish-subscribe pattern, Share-data pattern
4. Allocation Patterns
   1. Map-reduce pattern, Multi-tier pattern
5. Patterns vs. Tactics

6. Designing Architecture

1. General Design Strategy
   1. Abstraction, Decomposition, Divide & conquer, Generation and test, Iteration, Reuse
2. Attribute-Driven Design (ADD)
   1. Choose a part to design
   2. Marshal all ASRs for that part
   3. Create and test a design for that part
   4. Inputs to and outputs of ADD
   5. 8-step process: 1. confirm requirements, 2. choose an element to decompose, 3. identify ASRs, 4. choose a design satisfying ASRs, 5. instantiate elements & allocate responsibilities, 6. define interface, 7. verify & refine requirements, 8. repeat step 2-7 until all ASRs satisfied

7. Documenting Architecture

1. Views and Beyond
   1. Views:
      1. Styles (viewpoints), patterns and views
      2. Structural views: module views, component-and-connector views, allocation views
      3. Quality views
   2. Documenting views: 1. build stakeholder/view table, 2. combine views, 3. prioritise & stage
   3. Beyond views: documentation info & architecture info (mapping between views)
   4. Documentation : views + beyond

8. Evaluating Architecture

1. ATAM: Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method
   1. Stakeholders involved in ATAM
   2. Inputs to and outputs of ATAM
   3. Phase 0: Partnership & preparation
   4. Phase 1: Evaluation - 1
      1. present ATAM, 2. present business drivers, 3. present architecture, 4. identify architectural approaches, 5. generate utility tree, 6. analyse architectural approaches
   5. Phase 2: Evaluation - 2
      1. present ATAM & results, 7. brainstorm & prioritize, 8. analyse architectural approaches, 9. present results
   6. Phase 3: Follow-up

9. Final Exam

1. 简答题、论述题、设计分析题
2. 英文题目、中文或英文答题
3. 个别题目可能需画图
4. 卷面分数 = 基础内容 60% + 高阶内容 40%
5. 总评成绩 = 平时作业 40% + 期末考试 60%